create Bread crumb using Php

Step #1:- Create Breadcrumb.php Below Php code used to create the Breadcrumb URLs. Put Breadcrumb.php file under "system/application/libraries" folder.

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<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
class Breadcrumb {
 private $breadcrumbs = array();
 private $_divider = '  ›  ';
 private $_tag_open = '<div id="breadcrumb">';
 private $_tag_close = '</div>';

 public function __construct($params = array()){
  if (count($params) > 0){
   $this->initialize($params);
  }

  log_message('debug', "Breadcrumb Class Initialized");
 }

 /**
  * Initialize Preferences
  *
  * @access public
  * @param array initialization parameters
  * @return void
  */
 private function initialize($params = array()){
  if (count($params) > 0){
   foreach ($params as $key => $val)
   {
    if (isset($this->{'_' . $key}))
    {
     $this->{'_' . $key} = $val;
    }
   }
  }
 }


 /**
  * Append crumb to stack
  *
  * @access public
  * @param string $title
  * @param string $href
  * @return void
  */
 function append_crumb($title, $href){
  // no title or href provided
  if (!$title OR !$href) return;
  // add to end
  $this->breadcrumbs[] = array('title' => $title, 'href' => $href);
 }


 /**
  * Prepend crumb to stack
  *
  * @access public
  * @param string $title
  * @param string $href
  * @return void
  */
 function prepend_crumb($title, $href){
  // no title or href provided
  if (!$title OR !$href) return;

  // add to start
  array_unshift($this->breadcrumbs, array('title' => $title, 'href' => $href));
 }

 

 /**
  * Generate breadcrumb
  *
  * @access public
  * @return string
  */
 function output(){
  // breadcrumb found
  if ($this->breadcrumbs) {

   // set output variable
   $output = $this->_tag_open;

   // add html to output
   foreach ($this->breadcrumbs as $key => $crumb) {

    // add divider
    if ($key) $output .= $this->_divider;

    // if last element
    if (end(array_keys($this->breadcrumbs)) == $key) {
     $output .= '<span>' . $crumb['title'] . '</span>';

     // else add link and divider
    } else {
     $output .= '<a href="' . $crumb['href'] . '">' . $crumb['title'] . '</a>';
    }
   }

   // return html
   return $output . $this->_tag_close . PHP_EOL;
  }

  // return blank string
  return '';
 }

}

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Step #2:- Use Breadcrumb in Php Controller Load the Breadcrumb library $this->load->library('breadcrumb'); folder. append_crumb method is used to append the bread crumb items.

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function Tutorial(){
  parent::Controller();
  $this->load->library('breadcrumb');
}

// business method
public function index(){  
  /* Bread crum */
  $this->breadcrumb->append_crumb('Home', base_url());
  $this->breadcrumb->append_crumb('Tutorials', base_url().'tutorials');  
  $this->breadcrumb->append_crumb('Spring Tutorial', base_url().'tutorials/spring-tutorials');  
  
}

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Step #3:- Finish :) Enjoy the How to create breadcrumb using php codeigniter